I recently had a joint consultation with my partner and an immigration attorney, and I wanted to share the key takeaways for anyone in a similar situation. Here’s what we learned from the consultation:
While my partner was in the U.S., her attorney filed for a green card on her behalf. However, she is unsure if the process was completed or where she currently stands in the application process. Since she is now in China, the case might still be in processing, or it could have been abandoned. She needs to check the status of her green card application.
H-1B Visa (Best Immediate Option for Returning to the U.S.)
My partner has one year left on her H-1B visa. Since she is outside the U.S., the clock is frozen, meaning the remaining time on her H-1B is still available. She is cap-exempt, meaning she does not need to go through the lottery again if she finds an employer willing to sponsor her.
Options for sponsorship:
Her previous employer could rehire her. A new employer could sponsor her for an additional three years (best if it's a nonprofit or academic institution). A private employer is not recommended because she would need to go through the H-1B lottery again, where the chances of selection are only about 30%. Her best strategy is that she should start applying for nonprofit organizations or universities while she is still in China.
F-1 Visa (Student Visa Option with Day 1 CPT)
If my partner cannot secure an H-1B sponsor, she could apply for an F-1 student visa and enroll in a U.S. school. However, since she prefers to work, she should look into a Day 1 CPT (Curricular Practical Training) program in a field relevant to her career (psychiatry). With Day 1 CPT, she could legally work for credit and get paid immediately after starting her program. If she enters on an F-1 visa, we cannot get married for at least 90 days, or it could be seen as immigration fraud.
Marriage-Based Options (K-1 Fiancé Visa or CR-1/IR-1 Spousal Visa)
If we decide to go the marriage-based route, we have to carefully plan where and when we get engaged or married. The best option is to get engaged or married in the U.S. while she is already there with another visa (H-1B or F-1). We must do so 90 days after she returns to the U.S. (which I prefer even with an H-1B). With the F-1 visa, we must wait at least 90 days before getting married to avoid visa intent issues.
The worst option is to get married or engaged in China. If we marry or get engaged in China, she will be stuck there for over a year while waiting for the CR-1/IR-1 or K-1 visa to be processed. This option is off the table since we do not want to be separated for that long.