The principal beneficiary will have to be admitted in the US as LPR with immigrant visa before op (derivative beneficiary) can even attempt AOS.
Now concerning the in February 2023 CSPA methodology, I'm not sure how it plays out for op. If principal applicant were to be adjusting based on Chart B, then it's clear cut, op could also adjust. But this is the situation where principal applicant is going to be based on Chart A and derivative applicant is based on Chart B. Since this CSPA method based on 'dates for filing' is a fairly new change, I'm not sure how it plays out for op but probably a chance. Op could be a case study for VJ.