That's DCF with exceptional circumstances and the US citizen has to be living abroad in a country that offers it. You have to apply to the embassy in that country and see if they will take your case.
It would not be one month, maybe 3 months fastest but processing time is totally up to the individual embassy. Again the USC has to be living abroad to qualify, so you need proof of residence in that country where the embassy is located. We have a whole forum about this:
https://www.visajourney.com/forums/forum/82-direct-consular-filing-dcf-general-discussion/
Not necessarily. She can always apply for a tourist visa and see what happens. Nobody here makes decisions on that, only the CO does. I would say her chances of getting a tourist visa are low but still worth a try if you don't mind the travel for the interview and paying the fee.
You can wait it out together in a 3rd country, but unless you qualify for DCF and the embassy takes your case (as mentioned above) you will still be stuck with the long wait time, same as if you were in Russia or in the US while your wife waits in Russia.