In order for you to successfully adjust your status from a nonimmigrant visa, you would have to be here legally on a previous visa, such as your student visa.
The problem is that the process for sibling visas take 15 to 20 years. And there is no way to speed it up or bypass that wait. You will not get a green card based on your brother filing for you simply because you are already here on another visa. The process will still take 15 plus years and there is no way to remain on a student visa for that long.
So to answer your question, your brother can file for you, but you will not immediately obtain any legal status and once your student visa is done, you will have to leave and wait out the rest of the years out of the US.