HELP! Filing for Spouse of GC Holder

[Kitten24 5]

Hello All, I am helping a relative with an immigration process but wanted to check with you all before I give him any information. He is a Permanent Resident since 2011 (ten year green card). He entered the US 7 months ago (after a couple of trips abroad) and has been here since. His wife is currently visiting him and he would like to petition her. My questions are:

1. Can he file for an I-130 now or does he have to wait to be in the US (or be a resident) for longer?
2. Per the Visa Bulletin, F2A date is 09/08/2013. But this statement confuses me: "For December, F2A numbers EXEMPT from per-country limit are available to applicants from all countries with priority dates earlier than 01SEP13. F2A numbers SUBJECT to per-country limit are available to applicants chargeable to all countries EXCEPT MEXICO with priority dates beginning 01SEP13 and earlier than 08SEP13. (All F2A numbers provided for MEXICO are exempt from the per-country limit; there are no F2A numbers for MEXICO subject to per-country limit.)" What does this mean? They are both from Honduras.
3. How long (approximately) would it take to get her I-130 approved?
4. If she is still legaly in the US when her I-130 is approved, can she file to adjust status?
5. Should she be able to adjust status, when would she be able to file for Advance Parole and Employment Authorization Document?
6. If her green card is approved, would she get a two year or a ten year green card?

Sorry for all the silly questions, I did a CR1 and I'm not familiar with this.

Thanks!

[kzielu 1,153]

1. Yes

4. Only if her PD is current. Problem with priority date for F2A is stuck there after it's been current and nobody knows how long it's going to stay on September

6. Depends on how long they're married.

[Kitten24 5]

Thank you. Since we don't know if her PD will be current by the time her I-130 is approved, should he write down in the I-130 that she will pick up the visa of the I-130 abroad? She does not intend to overstay her visa at all and it was not her intention to enter so she could adjust status.