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Giant prehistoric fish packed quite a bite

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Ban Hammer Grand Master

Ban Hammer   13,346

Posted
Filed: Citizen (apr) Country: Brazil
 Timeline
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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - It was the first super predator of the ancient seas and its fearsome, jagged jaws still inspire awe 400 million years later.

The armor-plated fish Dunkleosteus was a 33-foot-long (10 meters), four-ton (3,600-kg) monster that terrorized other marine life in the Devonian Period, which spanned 415 million to 360 million years ago.

While lacking true teeth, Dunkleosteus used two long, bony blades in its mouth to snap and crush nearly any creature unfortunate enough to encounter it.

Scientists at the Field Museum in Chicago and the University of Chicago decided to test Dunkleosteus's reputation for wielding some of the most powerful jaws ever on Earth, creating a biomechanical model to simulate its jaws.

They came away impressed.

In research published on Tuesday in Britain's Royal Society journal Biology Letters, they said the big fish's bite packed 11,000 pounds (5,000 kgs) of force.

The bony blades in its mouth, almost certainly enameled like teeth, concentrated the bite force into a small area at the tip at an astonishing force of 80,000 pounds (36,000 kg) per square inch, they said.

That, the scientists proclaimed, crowns Dunkleosteus as the all-time chomping champion of fish -- sorry, sharks.

"It kind of blows sharks out of the water as far as bite force goes," Mark Westneat, curator of fishes at the Field Museum and co-author of the paper, said in an interview. "A huge great white shark is probably only capable of biting at about half that bite force."

"It puts it with big crocodiles and alligators and big dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus rex in terms of the most powerful biters ever," Westneat added.

The researchers also determined that Dunkleosteus could open its mouth very rapidly -- in a 50th of a second -- which formed a suction force drawing prey into the gaping mouth. It is very rare for a fish to possess both a powerful and a fast bite, they said.

Dunkleosteus appeared on Earth about 175 million years before the first dinosaurs and was one of the first jawed vertebrates. It hailed from a group of fish called placoderms, which bore heavy bony armor on the head and neck.

This dominant predator ate just about anything it wanted. The menu included hard-shelled ammonoids with many tentacles, as well as other armored fish, researchers said.

It also probably dined on primitive sharks. In fact, sharks achieved greater size and diversity only after Dunkleosteus and its like went extinct for reasons unclear to scientists.

"Dunkleosteus was able to devour anything in its environment," said Philip Anderson of the University of Chicago, the study's lead author.

To gauge its bite force, Westneat and Anderson used a fossilized skull of the species Dunkleosteus terrelli to recreate its musculature. Their resulting biomechanical model showed the jaw's force and motion, with a skull driven by a unique mechanism based on four rotational joints.

A computer model was developed to simulate skull motions and bite forces.

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* ~ * Charles * ~ *
 

I carry a gun because a cop is too heavy.

 

USE THE REPORT BUTTON INSTEAD OF MESSAGING A MODERATOR!

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Joey559 Community Regular

Joey559   1

Posted
Filed: AOS (apr) Timeline
Posted

This dominant predator ate just about anything it wanted.

[...]

Dunkleosteus and its like went extinct for reasons unclear to scientists.

Obesity.

lockjaw

And so he did what countless punk-rock songs had told him to do so many times before: he lived his life

10/07/2006 WEDDING DAY!

11/14/2006 AOS packet made it to 'the box' after being overnighted.

12/02/2006 Paul had biometrics

12/14/2006 AOS Forwarded to CSC AND AP Application approved.

01/17/2007 First touch of 2007 at CSC

01/20/2007 Touched AGAIN (also the 18th) come on...

February: Oops, RFE for a REGISTERED marriage certificate. Oops! Overnighted it.

02/28/2007 Paul gets email letting us know his GREENCARD is on it's way! It's done...for now!

03/09/2007 Paul's greencard arrives. And breathe...

We began with mailing the I-129 in on February 27, 2006 so the whole process took us approx. one year.

Good luck out there!

See PCRADDY for our official timeline.

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AnaAndDaniel Experienced

AnaAndDaniel   0

Posted
Filed: K-3 Visa Country: Mexico
 Timeline
Posted

This dominant predator ate just about anything it wanted.

[...]

Dunkleosteus and its like went extinct for reasons unclear to scientists.

Obesity.

lockjaw

you try swimming with armor on. ain't too nimble.

Daniel

:energetic:

Ana (Mexico) ------ Daniel (California)(me)

---------------------------------------------

Sept. 11, 2004: Got married (civil), in Mexico :D

July 23, 2005: Church wedding

===============================

K3(I-129F):

Oct. 28, 2004: Mailed I-129F.

~USPS, First-Class, Certified Mail, Rtn Recpt ($5.80)

Nov. 3, 2004: NOA1!!!!

Nov. 5, 2004: Check Cashed!!

zzzz deep hibernationn zzzz

May 12, 2005 NOA2!!!! #######!!! huh???

off to NVC.

May 26, 2005: NVC approves I129F.

CR1(I-130):

Oct. 6, 2004: Mailed I-130.

~USPS, First-Class, Certified Mail, Rtn Recpt ($5.80)

Oct. 8, 2004: I-130 Delivered to CSC in Laguna Niguel.

~Per USPS website's tracking tool.

Oct. 12, 2004 BCIS-CSC Signs for I-130 packet.

Oct. 21, 2004 Check cashed!

Oct. 25, 2004 NOA1 (I-130) Go CSC!!

Jan. 05, 2005 Approved!!!! Off to NVC!!!!

===============================

NVC:

Jan. 05, 2005 ---> in route from CSC

Jan. 12, 2005 Case entered system

Jan. 29, 2005 Received I-864 Bill

Jan. 31, 2005 Sent Payment to St. Louis(I864)

Feb. 01, 2005 Wife received DS3032(Choice of Agent)

Feb. 05, 2005 Payment Received in St. Louis(I864)

Feb. 08, 2005 Sent DS3032 to Portsmouth NH

Feb. 12, 2005 DS3032 Received by NVC

Mar. 04, 2005 Received IV Bill

Mar. 04, 2005 Sent IV Bill Payment

Mar. 08, 2005 Received I864

Mar. 19, 2005 Sent I864

Mar. 21, 2005 I864 Received my NVC

Apr. 18, 2005 Received DS230

Apr. 19, 2005 Sent DS230

Apr. 20, 2005 DS230 received by NVC (signed by S Merfeld)

Apr. 22, 2005 DS230 entered NVC system

Apr. 27, 2005 CASE COMPLETE

May 10, 2005 CASE SENT TO JUAREZ

Off to Cd. Juarez! :D

calls to NVC: 6

===============================

CIUDAD JUAREZ, American Consulate:

Apr. 27, 2005 case completed at NVC.

May 10, 2005 in route to Juarez.

May 25, 2005 Case at consulate.

===============================

-- Legal Disclaimer:What I say is only a reflection of what I did, going to do, or may do; it may also reflect what I have read others did, are going to do, or may do. What you do or may do is what you do or may do. You do so or may do so strictly out of your on voilition; or follow what a lawyer advised you to do, or may do. Having said that: have a nice day!

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AnaAndDaniel Experienced

AnaAndDaniel   0

Posted
Filed: K-3 Visa Country: Mexico
 Timeline
Posted
Now I'm picturing a fat robot fish.

I think my husband has finally corrupted my mind to all things geeky.

CAPS, you have been accused of 'corrupting' your wife. How do you plead?

Daniel

:energetic:

Ana (Mexico) ------ Daniel (California)(me)

---------------------------------------------

Sept. 11, 2004: Got married (civil), in Mexico :D

July 23, 2005: Church wedding

===============================

K3(I-129F):

Oct. 28, 2004: Mailed I-129F.

~USPS, First-Class, Certified Mail, Rtn Recpt ($5.80)

Nov. 3, 2004: NOA1!!!!

Nov. 5, 2004: Check Cashed!!

zzzz deep hibernationn zzzz

May 12, 2005 NOA2!!!! #######!!! huh???

off to NVC.

May 26, 2005: NVC approves I129F.

CR1(I-130):

Oct. 6, 2004: Mailed I-130.

~USPS, First-Class, Certified Mail, Rtn Recpt ($5.80)

Oct. 8, 2004: I-130 Delivered to CSC in Laguna Niguel.

~Per USPS website's tracking tool.

Oct. 12, 2004 BCIS-CSC Signs for I-130 packet.

Oct. 21, 2004 Check cashed!

Oct. 25, 2004 NOA1 (I-130) Go CSC!!

Jan. 05, 2005 Approved!!!! Off to NVC!!!!

===============================

NVC:

Jan. 05, 2005 ---> in route from CSC

Jan. 12, 2005 Case entered system

Jan. 29, 2005 Received I-864 Bill

Jan. 31, 2005 Sent Payment to St. Louis(I864)

Feb. 01, 2005 Wife received DS3032(Choice of Agent)

Feb. 05, 2005 Payment Received in St. Louis(I864)

Feb. 08, 2005 Sent DS3032 to Portsmouth NH

Feb. 12, 2005 DS3032 Received by NVC

Mar. 04, 2005 Received IV Bill

Mar. 04, 2005 Sent IV Bill Payment

Mar. 08, 2005 Received I864

Mar. 19, 2005 Sent I864

Mar. 21, 2005 I864 Received my NVC

Apr. 18, 2005 Received DS230

Apr. 19, 2005 Sent DS230

Apr. 20, 2005 DS230 received by NVC (signed by S Merfeld)

Apr. 22, 2005 DS230 entered NVC system

Apr. 27, 2005 CASE COMPLETE

May 10, 2005 CASE SENT TO JUAREZ

Off to Cd. Juarez! :D

calls to NVC: 6

===============================

CIUDAD JUAREZ, American Consulate:

Apr. 27, 2005 case completed at NVC.

May 10, 2005 in route to Juarez.

May 25, 2005 Case at consulate.

===============================

-- Legal Disclaimer:What I say is only a reflection of what I did, going to do, or may do; it may also reflect what I have read others did, are going to do, or may do. What you do or may do is what you do or may do. You do so or may do so strictly out of your on voilition; or follow what a lawyer advised you to do, or may do. Having said that: have a nice day!

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ceriserose Proficient

ceriserose   1

Posted
Filed: Citizen (apr) Country: Canada
 Timeline
Posted

Now I'm picturing a fat robot fish.

I think my husband has finally corrupted my mind to all things geeky.

CAPS, you have been accused of 'corrupting' your wife. How do you plead?

Daniel

:energetic:

Oh, he'll plead guilty. He's very proud of corrupting me...

:lol:

Electricity is really just organized lightning.

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AnaAndDaniel Experienced

AnaAndDaniel   0

Posted
Filed: K-3 Visa Country: Mexico
 Timeline
Posted

Now I'm picturing a fat robot fish.

I think my husband has finally corrupted my mind to all things geeky.

CAPS, you have been accused of 'corrupting' your wife. How do you plead?

Daniel

:energetic:

Oh, he'll plead guilty. He's very proud of corrupting me...

:lol:

CAPS, we men of VJ are proud of you. :thumbs:

:lol:

Daniel

:energetic:

Ana (Mexico) ------ Daniel (California)(me)

---------------------------------------------

Sept. 11, 2004: Got married (civil), in Mexico :D

July 23, 2005: Church wedding

===============================

K3(I-129F):

Oct. 28, 2004: Mailed I-129F.

~USPS, First-Class, Certified Mail, Rtn Recpt ($5.80)

Nov. 3, 2004: NOA1!!!!

Nov. 5, 2004: Check Cashed!!

zzzz deep hibernationn zzzz

May 12, 2005 NOA2!!!! #######!!! huh???

off to NVC.

May 26, 2005: NVC approves I129F.

CR1(I-130):

Oct. 6, 2004: Mailed I-130.

~USPS, First-Class, Certified Mail, Rtn Recpt ($5.80)

Oct. 8, 2004: I-130 Delivered to CSC in Laguna Niguel.

~Per USPS website's tracking tool.

Oct. 12, 2004 BCIS-CSC Signs for I-130 packet.

Oct. 21, 2004 Check cashed!

Oct. 25, 2004 NOA1 (I-130) Go CSC!!

Jan. 05, 2005 Approved!!!! Off to NVC!!!!

===============================

NVC:

Jan. 05, 2005 ---> in route from CSC

Jan. 12, 2005 Case entered system

Jan. 29, 2005 Received I-864 Bill

Jan. 31, 2005 Sent Payment to St. Louis(I864)

Feb. 01, 2005 Wife received DS3032(Choice of Agent)

Feb. 05, 2005 Payment Received in St. Louis(I864)

Feb. 08, 2005 Sent DS3032 to Portsmouth NH

Feb. 12, 2005 DS3032 Received by NVC

Mar. 04, 2005 Received IV Bill

Mar. 04, 2005 Sent IV Bill Payment

Mar. 08, 2005 Received I864

Mar. 19, 2005 Sent I864

Mar. 21, 2005 I864 Received my NVC

Apr. 18, 2005 Received DS230

Apr. 19, 2005 Sent DS230

Apr. 20, 2005 DS230 received by NVC (signed by S Merfeld)

Apr. 22, 2005 DS230 entered NVC system

Apr. 27, 2005 CASE COMPLETE

May 10, 2005 CASE SENT TO JUAREZ

Off to Cd. Juarez! :D

calls to NVC: 6

===============================

CIUDAD JUAREZ, American Consulate:

Apr. 27, 2005 case completed at NVC.

May 10, 2005 in route to Juarez.

May 25, 2005 Case at consulate.

===============================

-- Legal Disclaimer:What I say is only a reflection of what I did, going to do, or may do; it may also reflect what I have read others did, are going to do, or may do. What you do or may do is what you do or may do. You do so or may do so strictly out of your on voilition; or follow what a lawyer advised you to do, or may do. Having said that: have a nice day!

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ceriserose Proficient

ceriserose   1

Posted
Filed: Citizen (apr) Country: Canada
 Timeline
Posted

Now I'm picturing a fat robot fish.

I think my husband has finally corrupted my mind to all things geeky.

CAPS, you have been accused of 'corrupting' your wife. How do you plead?

Daniel

:energetic:

Oh, he'll plead guilty. He's very proud of corrupting me...

:lol:

CAPS, we men of VJ are proud of you. :thumbs:

:lol:

Daniel

:energetic:

:lol: Yes, like he needs encouragement... Oy! ;)

Electricity is really just organized lightning.

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AnaAndDaniel Experienced

AnaAndDaniel   0

Posted
Filed: K-3 Visa Country: Mexico
 Timeline
Posted

Now I'm picturing a fat robot fish.

I think my husband has finally corrupted my mind to all things geeky.

CAPS, you have been accused of 'corrupting' your wife. How do you plead?

Daniel

:energetic:

Oh, he'll plead guilty. He's very proud of corrupting me...

:lol:

CAPS, we men of VJ are proud of you. :thumbs:

:lol:

Daniel

:energetic:

:lol: Yes, like he needs encouragement... Oy! ;)

corrupt corrupt corrupt corrupt corrupt corrupt :devil:

Daniel

:enrgetic:

Ana (Mexico) ------ Daniel (California)(me)

---------------------------------------------

Sept. 11, 2004: Got married (civil), in Mexico :D

July 23, 2005: Church wedding

===============================

K3(I-129F):

Oct. 28, 2004: Mailed I-129F.

~USPS, First-Class, Certified Mail, Rtn Recpt ($5.80)

Nov. 3, 2004: NOA1!!!!

Nov. 5, 2004: Check Cashed!!

zzzz deep hibernationn zzzz

May 12, 2005 NOA2!!!! #######!!! huh???

off to NVC.

May 26, 2005: NVC approves I129F.

CR1(I-130):

Oct. 6, 2004: Mailed I-130.

~USPS, First-Class, Certified Mail, Rtn Recpt ($5.80)

Oct. 8, 2004: I-130 Delivered to CSC in Laguna Niguel.

~Per USPS website's tracking tool.

Oct. 12, 2004 BCIS-CSC Signs for I-130 packet.

Oct. 21, 2004 Check cashed!

Oct. 25, 2004 NOA1 (I-130) Go CSC!!

Jan. 05, 2005 Approved!!!! Off to NVC!!!!

===============================

NVC:

Jan. 05, 2005 ---> in route from CSC

Jan. 12, 2005 Case entered system

Jan. 29, 2005 Received I-864 Bill

Jan. 31, 2005 Sent Payment to St. Louis(I864)

Feb. 01, 2005 Wife received DS3032(Choice of Agent)

Feb. 05, 2005 Payment Received in St. Louis(I864)

Feb. 08, 2005 Sent DS3032 to Portsmouth NH

Feb. 12, 2005 DS3032 Received by NVC

Mar. 04, 2005 Received IV Bill

Mar. 04, 2005 Sent IV Bill Payment

Mar. 08, 2005 Received I864

Mar. 19, 2005 Sent I864

Mar. 21, 2005 I864 Received my NVC

Apr. 18, 2005 Received DS230

Apr. 19, 2005 Sent DS230

Apr. 20, 2005 DS230 received by NVC (signed by S Merfeld)

Apr. 22, 2005 DS230 entered NVC system

Apr. 27, 2005 CASE COMPLETE

May 10, 2005 CASE SENT TO JUAREZ

Off to Cd. Juarez! :D

calls to NVC: 6

===============================

CIUDAD JUAREZ, American Consulate:

Apr. 27, 2005 case completed at NVC.

May 10, 2005 in route to Juarez.

May 25, 2005 Case at consulate.

===============================

-- Legal Disclaimer:What I say is only a reflection of what I did, going to do, or may do; it may also reflect what I have read others did, are going to do, or may do. What you do or may do is what you do or may do. You do so or may do so strictly out of your on voilition; or follow what a lawyer advised you to do, or may do. Having said that: have a nice day!

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RosaMystica7 Proficient

RosaMystica7   0

Posted
Timeline
Posted

How bout an image to go with the story:

dunkleosteus.jpg

Wouldn't wanna wake up to one of those!

8/10/08:

---seperated---

K-1 highlights (more details in profile):

11/24/06: NOA1 (Day 3)

12/19/06: NOA2 (Day 28)

2/28/07: Interview: approved! (Day 99)

4/15/07: Married, in a noreaster (Day 146)

AOS highlights (more details in profile, too):

6/20/07: AOS, EAD, and AP mailed

6/26/07: NOA1 (Day 6)

7/14/07: Biometrics (Day 24)

7/23/07: Recieved AOS RFE (dated 7/17) for W-2s, mailed them out the next day (Day 33)

7/27/07: RFE response received, processing resumed (Day 37)

8/14/07: AOS transferred to CSC (Day 45)

8/21/07: CSC received/is processing AOS (Day 52)

8/29/07: Welcome notice mailed! (Day 60)

8/31/07: Card production ordered! (Day 62)

9/11/07: Greencard in hand! (Day 73)

Note to self: lifting of conditions: May 25th, 2009

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ILIKEALLCAPS Explorer

ILIKEALLCAPS   0

Posted
Filed: Timeline
Posted

Now I'm picturing a fat robot fish.

I think my husband has finally corrupted my mind to all things geeky.

CAPS, you have been accused of 'corrupting' your wife. How do you plead?

Daniel

:energetic:

Oh, he'll plead guilty. He's very proud of corrupting me...

:lol:

CAPS, we men of VJ are proud of you. :thumbs:

:lol:

Daniel

:energetic:

:lol: Yes, like he needs encouragement... Oy! ;)

corrupt corrupt corrupt corrupt corrupt corrupt :devil:

Daniel

:enrgetic:

I'm quite totally guilty of corrupting her.....in all 10 dimensions.

:devil:

Disclaimer: I am a smart-a55. Anything I say can and will be used against you in whatever forum I so choose. My posts are based on my own perspective, and should not be taken as anything other than my own opinion. Any resemblance to real people, living or dead, is coincidental. Minimum system requirements are a human brain, version 1.0. Suggested system requirements are a human brain version 1.0 with a sense of humor and a logical thought processor above 1.0 beta. Should not be used by children. Hazardous when wet.

B3 5C 0C E2 91 8B 91 F8 7A 2C 7E E4 17 79 FA D6

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ceriserose Proficient

ceriserose   1

Posted
Filed: Citizen (apr) Country: Canada
 Timeline
Posted

Now I'm picturing a fat robot fish.

I think my husband has finally corrupted my mind to all things geeky.

CAPS, you have been accused of 'corrupting' your wife. How do you plead?

Daniel

:energetic:

Oh, he'll plead guilty. He's very proud of corrupting me...

:lol:

CAPS, we men of VJ are proud of you. :thumbs:

:lol:

Daniel

:energetic:

:lol: Yes, like he needs encouragement... Oy! ;)

corrupt corrupt corrupt corrupt corrupt corrupt :devil:

Daniel

:enrgetic:

I'm quite totally guilty of corrupting her.....in all 10 dimensions.

:devil:

and I thought there were only 3...

Electricity is really just organized lightning.

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Ban Hammer Grand Master

Ban Hammer   13,346

Posted
Filed: Citizen (apr) Country: Brazil
 Timeline
  • Author
Posted
How bout an image to go with the story:

dunkleosteus.jpg

Wouldn't wanna wake up to one of those!

a movie will follow shortly, i'm sure, from hollywood :lol:

* ~ * Charles * ~ *
 

I carry a gun because a cop is too heavy.

 

USE THE REPORT BUTTON INSTEAD OF MESSAGING A MODERATOR!

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Mags Grand Master

Mags   112

Posted
Filed: Country: United Kingdom
 Timeline
Posted

How bout an image to go with the story:

dunkleosteus.jpg

Wouldn't wanna wake up to one of those!

a movie will follow shortly, i'm sure, from hollywood :lol:

Ooh we had a computer generated BBC programme on over here, it had this Dunkleosteus on it....

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