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American Medical Association: "High fructose syrup does not appear to contribute more to obesity than other caloric sweeteners"

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CHICAGO — After studying current research, the American Medical Association (AMA) today concluded that high fructose syrup does not appear to contribute more to obesity than other caloric sweeteners, but called for further independent research to be done on the health effects of high fructose syrup and other sweeteners.

"At this time there is insufficient evidence to restrict the use of high fructose syrup or label products that contain it with a warning," said AMA Board Member William Dolan, MD.

...

High fructose syrups are sweeteners produced from starches such as corn, rice and wheat. They can be found in a variety of food products, including breakfast cereals, soft drinks and breads. Currently, there are few available studies on the health effects of high fructose syrup and most are focused on the short-term effects.

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/18691.html

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Filed: Country: Philippines
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Actually, all the report finds is that after reviewing whatever current research (could be from anyone) on HFCS and obesity, there isn't enough evidence yet to come to any definitive conclusions.

I just did a search for any research done on HFCS and obesity and found this one:

The Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) has released a science policy paper to correct misconceptions that abound in the industry regarding the safety of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).

There is no evidence to suggest the nutritive sweetener contributes to obesity or that is causes diabetes, said scientists at the GMA.

"Consumers can be reassured that HFCS is just like any other caloric sweetener to be enjoyed in moderation in the context of a health-promoting lifestyle," said Robert Brackett, chief science officer for the GMA.

In fact, he said the sweetener has numerous positive attributes ranging from "taste, texture and versatility".

http://forum.lowcarber.org/showthread.php?t=375682

Now I see why the AMA is asking for more independent research since GMA has an enormous financial stake in HFCS. This is like the cigarette companies doing their own research into the harmful effects of smoking.

This exposes a troubling issue that we're facing in this country right now ...not enough federal funding for independent research.

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Here's one independent study...

Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose consumption on circulating glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and on appetite in normal-weight women.

OBJECTIVE: Fructose has been implicated in obesity, partly due to lack of insulin-mediated leptin stimulation and ghrelin suppression. Most work has examined effects of pure fructose, rather than high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), the most commonly consumed form of fructose. This study examined effects of beverages sweetened with HFCS or sucrose (Suc), when consumed with mixed meals, on blood glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and appetite. METHODS: Thirty lean women were studied on two randomized 2-d visits during which HFCS- and Suc-sweetened beverages were consumed as 30% of energy on isocaloric diets during day 1 while blood was sampled. On day 2, food was eaten ad libitum. Subjects rated appetite at designated times throughout visits. RESULTS: No significant differences between the two sweeteners were seen in fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin (P > 0.05). The within-day variation in all four items was not different between the two visits (P > 0.05). Net areas under the curve were similar for glucose, insulin, and leptin (P > 0.05). There were no differences in energy or macronutrient intake on day 2. The only appetite variable that differed between sweeteners was desire to eat, which had a higher area under the curve the day after Suc compared with HFCS. CONCLUSION: These short-term results suggest that, when fructose is consumed in the form of HFCS, the measured metabolic responses do not differ from Suc in lean women. Further research is required to examine appetite responses and to determine if these findings hold true for obese individuals, males, or longer periods.

Authored by Melanson KJ, Zukley L, Lowndes J, Nguyen V, Angelopoulos TJ, Rippe JM. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA.

Published in Nutrition. 2007 Feb;23(2):103-12. The full report is available online. external.gif A subscription to the periodical may be required.

http://www.level1diet.com/352316_id

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Filed: Country: Pitcairn Islands
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I just want them to stop putting it in bread. I mean, seriously? Why is it in BREAD?????????

I think in general we should just steer clear of excessive sugar, HFCS and other calorific sweeteners.

I thought it was because they used it instead of sugar or honey to proof the yeast.

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"Consumers can be reassured that HFCS is just like any other caloric sweetener to be enjoyed in moderation in the context of a health-promoting lifestyle," said Robert Brackett, chief science officer for the GMA.

difficult to "enjoy in moderation" when it's in practically everything, including "healthy" diet foods :P

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I want to know why it is necessary to add HFCS to cream, for heaven's sake! Regarding 'proofing' the yeast, you will notice that breads with HFCS often have another form of sugar listed as well. Plus HFCS is high on the ingredients list - much more than the amount of the yeast included, so while some of it could be used for that, there appears to be more listed than is required. But back to my original complaint . . . seriously, cream??

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Actually, all the report finds is that after reviewing whatever current research (could be from anyone) on HFCS and obesity, there isn't enough evidence yet to come to any definitive conclusions.

I just did a search for any research done on HFCS and obesity and found this one:

The Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) has released a science policy paper to correct misconceptions that abound in the industry regarding the safety of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).

There is no evidence to suggest the nutritive sweetener contributes to obesity or that is causes diabetes, said scientists at the GMA.

"Consumers can be reassured that HFCS is just like any other caloric sweetener to be enjoyed in moderation in the context of a health-promoting lifestyle," said Robert Brackett, chief science officer for the GMA.

In fact, he said the sweetener has numerous positive attributes ranging from "taste, texture and versatility".

http://forum.lowcarber.org/showthread.php?t=375682

Now I see why the AMA is asking for more independent research since GMA has an enormous financial stake in HFCS. This is like the cigarette companies doing their own research into the harmful effects of smoking.

This exposes a troubling issue that we're facing in this country right now ...not enough federal funding for independent research.

Exactly. This is hardly a negator for lesser detrimental effects than just regular glucose.

Wishing you ten-fold that which you wish upon all others.

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Filed: AOS (apr) Country: Colombia
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Here's one independent study...

Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose consumption on circulating glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and on appetite in normal-weight women.

OBJECTIVE: Fructose has been implicated in obesity, partly due to lack of insulin-mediated leptin stimulation and ghrelin suppression. Most work has examined effects of pure fructose, rather than high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), the most commonly consumed form of fructose. This study examined effects of beverages sweetened with HFCS or sucrose (Suc), when consumed with mixed meals, on blood glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and appetite. METHODS: Thirty lean women were studied on two randomized 2-d visits during which HFCS- and Suc-sweetened beverages were consumed as 30% of energy on isocaloric diets during day 1 while blood was sampled. On day 2, food was eaten ad libitum. Subjects rated appetite at designated times throughout visits. RESULTS: No significant differences between the two sweeteners were seen in fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin (P > 0.05). The within-day variation in all four items was not different between the two visits (P > 0.05). Net areas under the curve were similar for glucose, insulin, and leptin (P > 0.05). There were no differences in energy or macronutrient intake on day 2. The only appetite variable that differed between sweeteners was desire to eat, which had a higher area under the curve the day after Suc compared with HFCS. CONCLUSION: These short-term results suggest that, when fructose is consumed in the form of HFCS, the measured metabolic responses do not differ from Suc in lean women. Further research is required to examine appetite responses and to determine if these findings hold true for obese individuals, males, or longer periods.

Authored by Melanson KJ, Zukley L, Lowndes J, Nguyen V, Angelopoulos TJ, Rippe JM. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA.

Published in Nutrition. 2007 Feb;23(2):103-12. The full report is available online. external.gif A subscription to the periodical may be required.

http://www.level1diet.com/352316_id

Insulin is secreted in 6-7 minute pulses from pancreatic tissues when exposed to varying glucose concentrations. HFCS is heavier and changes the kinetics of glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic B-cells. But it, at this study tends to show, apparently changes the response abilities of the body's metabolism to cope with the metabolic load from the diet.

Leptin, otoh, is secreted by fat cells as a response to blood adiposity. It reaches the brain at a slow speed and mediates a recently characterized feeding response to reduce food-intake such as when circulating glucose is high enough. HFCS is hypothetically linked to a slower metabolic step that gradually increases glucose concentration in the blood, thereby circumventing the brain's mechanism for helping you cut back on overfeeding.

Wishing you ten-fold that which you wish upon all others.

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Here's one independent study...

Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose consumption on circulating glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and on appetite in normal-weight women.

OBJECTIVE: Fructose has been implicated in obesity, partly due to lack of insulin-mediated leptin stimulation and ghrelin suppression. Most work has examined effects of pure fructose, rather than high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), the most commonly consumed form of fructose. This study examined effects of beverages sweetened with HFCS or sucrose (Suc), when consumed with mixed meals, on blood glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and appetite. METHODS: Thirty lean women were studied on two randomized 2-d visits during which HFCS- and Suc-sweetened beverages were consumed as 30% of energy on isocaloric diets during day 1 while blood was sampled. On day 2, food was eaten ad libitum. Subjects rated appetite at designated times throughout visits. RESULTS: No significant differences between the two sweeteners were seen in fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin (P > 0.05). The within-day variation in all four items was not different between the two visits (P > 0.05). Net areas under the curve were similar for glucose, insulin, and leptin (P > 0.05). There were no differences in energy or macronutrient intake on day 2. The only appetite variable that differed between sweeteners was desire to eat, which had a higher area under the curve the day after Suc compared with HFCS. CONCLUSION: These short-term results suggest that, when fructose is consumed in the form of HFCS, the measured metabolic responses do not differ from Suc in lean women. Further research is required to examine appetite responses and to determine if these findings hold true for obese individuals, males, or longer periods.

Authored by Melanson KJ, Zukley L, Lowndes J, Nguyen V, Angelopoulos TJ, Rippe JM. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA.

Published in Nutrition. 2007 Feb;23(2):103-12. The full report is available online. external.gif A subscription to the periodical may be required.

http://www.level1diet.com/352316_id

Insulin is secreted in 6-7 minute pulses from pancreatic tissues when exposed to varying glucose concentrations. HFCS is heavier and changes the kinetics of glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic B-cells. But it, at this study tends to show, apparently changes the response abilities of the body's metabolism to cope with the metabolic load from the diet.

Leptin, otoh, is secreted by fat cells as a response to blood adiposity. It reaches the brain at a slow speed and mediates a recently characterized feeding response to reduce food-intake such as when circulating glucose is high enough. HFCS is hypothetically linked to a slower metabolic step that gradually increases glucose concentration in the blood, thereby circumventing the brain's mechanism for helping you cut back on overfeeding.

I think its pretty clear that the more sugar, fat and salt a person has in their diet - in combination with a sedentary job - the more likely they are to have a weight control problem.

The same common sense advice has worked for years - although its been obscured by informercial exercise machines, "magic pills" and questionable diet programs.

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HFCS is hypothetically linked to a slower metabolic step that gradually increases glucose concentration in the blood, thereby circumventing the brain's mechanism for helping you cut back on overfeeding.

I remember reading about that.

...and like it has been pointed out - HFCS is in almost everything nowadays....saying it can be enjoyed in 'moderation' sounds so unscientific without actually quantifying an amount. According to the info below, the average American consumes 79 grams of added sugars a day.

........

Found this interesting...

...and not only are we getting fructose from high fructose corn syrup or fructose in general, we're also getting it when we ingest sucrose (table sugar), since it's a disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose.

Five hundred years ago the sugar industry was non-existent, and so was fructose in our diets. Fructose consumption was limited to a handful of items like honey, dates, raisins, molasses, and figs, which are all considered "dense" sources. Additional intake of fructose was from grapes, apples, persimmons, and berries. Of course, vegetables and protein foods have limited amounts of fructose and don't contribute substantially to overall intake.

So in the end, as you might have gathered, our human ancestors had little early dietary exposure to fructose.

Then, the sugar industry came to town.

....

Interestingly, high fructose corn syrup has become a preferred source of sweetness and texture in the food manufacturing industry primarily for economic reasons.

You see, the American price for cane sugar is artificially high compared to the global price of corn. This is due to governmental subsidies for corn and overproduction of corn for livestock. Therefore, since corn is cheaper than cane sugar, high fructose corn syrup is cheaper to produce than sugar.

Picking up on the economic advantages of this shift, major soft drink manufacturers switched to HFCS as their primary sweetener in 1984. They haven't looked back since.

image005.jpg

As the consumption of HFCS has risen, so has the epidemic of obesity. This has led many to believe there's an association between the two.

Food intake surveys have indicated that the average person consumes about 79 grams of added sugars each day (approximately 316 calories or 15% of caloric intake), with half of these being in the form of fructose.

Whether or not this high consumption of fructose causes obesity or is just another symptom of poor eating and less activity in general is debatable.

Food lobbyists have argued this point, effectively buffering themselves from government regulations that could cost the HFCS industry billions of dollars.

However, what's not debatable is this: The rise in HFCS consumption isn't exactly helping the issue and, in our opinions, that's the most important point.

image008.jpg

...it's important not to make the mistake of thinking that the small amounts of fructose in fruit will be problematic. Remember, all the problems happen at very high intakes of fructose when liver glycogen is likely to be maxed out.

It's highly unlikely that consuming whole, unprocessed, fresh fruits will promote energy imbalances and body fat gains. However, it's very likely that regular consumption of fructose-rich fruit juices and foods will cause these problems.

.....

Dr. John Berardi is trained in Exercise Physiology (BSc, MS, CSCS) and Exercise Nutrition (PhD). He's also the president and CSO of Precision Nutrition, Inc.

Ryan Andrews, former dietitian at the Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, is trained in Exercise Physiology (BS, MA, CSCS), Nutrition (MS), and Dietetics (RD, LD). After leaving Johns Hopkins, Ryan began working with Dr. Berardi as the Director of Research for Precision Nutrition, Inc.

http://www.t-nation.com/article/diet_and_n...ietAndNutrition

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Also, the gut releases GLP-1 in response to higher glucose intake over baseline glucose conditions. GLP-1 stimulates increased insulin secretion from the pancreas at these elevated glucose conditions.

Wishing you ten-fold that which you wish upon all others.

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